Rhizopogon occidentalis Zeller & C.W. Dodge
western Rhizopogon
Rhizopogonaceae

Species account author: Ian Gibson.
Extracted from Matchmaker: Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest.

Introduction to the Macrofungi

Photograph

© Michael Beug     (Photo ID #18006)


Map

E-Flora BC Static Map

Distribution of Rhizopogon occidentalis
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Species Information

Summary:
Features include 1) a spherical to irregular fruitbody with a surface that is whitish becoming lemon yellow, usually staining slowly yellow to orange or reddish brown on handling (reddish only when surface actually cut), 2) loose brown rhizomorphs that stand out distinctly on dried fruitbodies against the white to yellow surface, 3) a spore mass that is pallid becoming grayish olivaceous or olive, 4) growth under conifers, 5) smooth, oblong, inamyloid spores, 6) basidia that are mostly 6-spored and 8-spored, and 7) a peridium that is one-layered, composed of appressed hyphae with oleiferous hyphae and inflated cells that are not in groups. It is abundant among false truffles in the Pacific Northwest (Trappe(13)). This is one of three Rhizopogon species mentioned as common for the Pacific Northwest, with R. parksii and R. ellenae, (Ammirati).
Chemical Reactions:
FeSO4 on dried peridium olive (Smith(30)), KOH on peridium lilac to red (for this group in key) (Smith(4))
Interior:
olive drying cinnamon buff, (Smith(4)), minutely chambered; pale yellow-orange, drying cinnamon buff, (Phillips), firm; pallid to pale greenish gray, (Ammirati), consistency "when dried rather brittle and crumbly"; "pallid becoming grayish olivaceous to olive and drying to a cinnamon-buff"; chambers large, in older specimens 0.05-0.01cm, (Smith(30)), white to gray or yellow, becoming some shade of olive or brown; at maturity dry or somewhat powdery, (Trudell), "white to gray to pale tan to olive to brown, depending on level of maturity", (Trappe, M.(3))
Odor:
none or slight (Smith(30)), sourdough (Phillips)
Taste:
sweetish (Arora)
Microscopic:
spores 5.5-7 x (2)2.3-2.6(3) microns, "peridium one-layered, of appressed hyphae 3-8 microns wide, oleiferous hyphae present, also inflated hyphal cells 10-20 microns but not in groups", (Smith(4)), spores 5.5-7 x 2.3-2.6 microns, elliptic, smooth, (Phillips), 5.5-7 x (2)2.3-2.6(3) microns, oblong, smooth, in Melzer''s reagent yellowish singly, yellowish tan in groups, in KOH yellowish to colorless singly and deeper ochraceous to dingy cinnamon-buff in masses, often with 2 oil drops; basidia mostly 6-spored and 8-spored, 14-20 x 7-9 microns, clavate, colorless, thin-walled; paraphyses "like the basidioles but in age developing thickened walls but central body not dextrinoid"; subhymenium "more or less cellular and 1-3 cells deep, not gelatinous in KOH"; tramal plates composed of hyphae 2.5-6 microns wide, interwoven, colorless, smooth, finally gelatinous-refractive; peridium "one-layered, of appressed hyphae 3-8 microns broad, if the rhizomorph-layer is included the content and/or walls are both more or less cinnamon, beneath this the hyphae with yellow to hyaline walls (revived in KOH)", (revived peridium essentially clean in subcutis but near surface there may be more amorphous debris); oleiferous hyphae present as well as enlarged hyphal cells in some of the fundamental hyphae (10-20 microns in diameter); all tissues inamyloid; clamp connections absent, (Smith(30)), spores "smooth, thin-walled, and often elongated to spindle-shaped", (Trudell)
Notes:
Rhizopogon occidentalis is found in WA, OR, northern CA, and ID, (Trappe(13)). It is known from OR, ID, CA, (Smith(30) who examined collections also from WA but comments that at least one of them has spores about 9 x 3 microns and may be a large spored variety of the species). There is a Paul Kroeger collection from BC deposited at the University of British Columbia.
EDIBILITY
no (Phillips), edible (Arora)

Habitat and Range

SIMILAR SPECIES
Species in the Rhizopogon rubescens group start white and turn yellow with maturity but turn dark brown instead of staying yellow: they also tend to turn reddish with bruising rather than yellow to orange to reddish brown, (Smith(30)). Rhizopogon luteolus differs in having distinctly wider (2.5-3.5 microns) spores, and in Melzer''s reagent its peridium shows many orange-brown globules, but in KOH it is vinaceous red at first slowly fading to reddish brown, and there is much amorphous debris in the layer, (Smith(30)). See also SIMILAR section of Rhizopogon ellenae and Rhizopogon vinicolor.
Habitat
under mixed conifers (Smith(4)), single or scattered in sandy soil under mixed conifers, (Phillips), totally or partially underground, single or in groups, often in sandy soil, under conifers, especially Pinus contorta (Lodgepole Pine), in fall, seems to be most common in coastal region, (Ammirati), with 2-needle and 3-needle pines "in the mountains and, especially, the pine woodlands on coastal dunes", (Trudell), mycorrhizal host in the Pacific Northwest Pinus (pine), (Trappe), September to March, (Trappe, M.(3))